Update To the comments: Live On Coliru
#include <vector>
template <typename... Args>
    void foo(Args... args)
{
    static_assert(sizeof...(Args) == 7, "unexpected number of arguments");
    std::vector<int> v { args... };
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    foo(1,2,3,4,5,6,7);
    foo(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8); // oops
}
You can't check at compile time, so an assert is in order
#include <cassert>
template<std::size_t N>
class Vector {
public:
    template<typename T>
    Vector(std::enable_if<is_foreach_iterator<T>, T>::type& it_begin, T& _end) {
        assert(N == std::distance(it_begin, it_end));
    }
}
or, if you prefer
#include <stdexcept>
template<std::size_t N>
class Vector {
public:
    template<typename T>
    Vector(std::enable_if<is_foreach_iterator<T>, T>::type& it_begin, T& _end) {
        if(N != std::distance(it_begin, it_end))
           throw std::range_error();
    }
}