You can access data from the MKAnnotationView provided in
- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView annotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view calloutAccessoryControlTapped:(UIControl *)control
The view object has an annotation property that will give you an object adopting the MKAnnotation protocol. This could be MKPointAnnotation as you already have, if just a title and subtitle will do. But you could also define a custom annotation class that holds onto a status and a company:
MyAnnotation *annotation = view.annotation; 
// annotation.status
// annotation.company
You'd have to create a MyAnnotation instance and insert the data in the place where you currently are creating newAnnotation.
As for once you have the data you need and you want to pass it to the DetailViewController, I suggest looking at this SO answer or Ole Begemann's tips here. In short, you can create a public property of your detail view controller, and then do something like:
    DetailViewController *destinationController = [[DestinationViewController alloc] init];
    destinationController.name = annotation.status;
    [self.navigationController pushViewController:destinationController animated:YES];
In summary, your method could then look something like this:
- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView annotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view 
calloutAccessoryControlTapped:(UIControl *)control
{
    MyAnnotation *annotation = view.annotation; 
    DetailViewController *detail = [[DetailViewController alloc] initWithNibName:nil 
bundle:nil];
    detail.status = annotation.status;
    detail.company = annotation.company;
    [self.navigationController pushViewController:detail animated:YES];
}
And then set the UILabel texts in your detail view controller:
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.statusTextField.text = self.status;
    self.companyTextField.text = self.company;
}
Update to clarify the creation of MyAnnotation:
You always have the option of creating a custom class. Here could be an example for MyAnnotation.h:
#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>
@interface MyAnnotation : MKPointAnnotation
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSString *status;
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSString *company;
@end
Then in your map view controller import: #import "MyAnnotation.h"
and use MyAnnotation instead of MKPointAnnotation:
// create the annotation
newAnnotation = [[MyAnnotation alloc] init];
newAnnotation.title = dictionary[@"applicant"];
newAnnotation.subtitle = dictionary[@"company"];
newAnnotation.status = dictionary[@"status"];
newAnnotation.company = dictionary[@"company"];
newAnnotation.coordinate = location;  
[newAnnotations addObject:newAnnotation];