The code inside function setup_widgets_desktop() is going to create the widgets based on the current(!) HTML content. As ng-repeat will render your element after you have a success from your HTTP request, there are no elements present when the function is called.
In order to achieve the behaviour you want, execute setup_widgets_desktop() again after your callback returns. You might need to make sure it is delayed by using $timeout(setup_widgets_desktop, 1000). I am using it this way, but not sure if it is a general requirement to have a delay.
The best option would be to extract the call $('#widget-grid').jarvisWidgets() into an directive. You could replace $('#widget-grid') with getting the current $(element), so it is only bound to the current element and not some fixed ID inside the DOM. If you need more advice on this, just drop me a line.
Edit (sample code): 
In my project I am using the following Angular service (you have to replace yourApp, the HTTP URI and the jQuery selector to your needs):
(function(yourApp) {
    "use strict";
    yourApp.factory("presenter", function ($timeout) {
        var layout = function () {
            $("#widgets-grid").jarvisWidgets({
                grid: "article",
                widgets: '.jarviswidget',
                localStorage: false,
//                deleteSettingsKey: '#deletesettingskey-options',
//                settingsKeyLabel: 'Reset settings?',
//                deletePositionKey: '#deletepositionkey-options',
//                positionKeyLabel: 'Reset position?',
                sortable: false,
                buttonsHidden: false,
                // toggle button
                toggleButton: false,
                toggleClass: 'fa fa-minus | fa fa-plus',
                toggleSpeed: 200,
                onToggle: function () {
                },
                // delete btn
                deleteButton: false,
                deleteClass: 'fa fa-times',
                deleteSpeed: 200,
                onDelete: function () {
                },
                // edit btn
                editButton: false,
                editPlaceholder: '.jarviswidget-editbox',
                editClass: 'fa fa-cog | fa fa-save',
                editSpeed: 200,
                onEdit: function () {
                },
                colorButton: false,
                // full screen
                fullscreenButton: true,
                fullscreenClass: 'fa fa-expand | fa fa-compress',
                fullscreenDiff: 3,
                onFullscreen: function (e) {
                },
                // order
                buttonOrder: '%refresh% %custom% %edit% %toggle% %fullscreen% %delete%',
                opacity: 1.0,
                dragHandle: '> header',
                placeholderClass: 'jarviswidget-placeholder',
                indicator: true,
                indicatorTime: 600,
                ajax: true,
                timestampPlaceholder: '.jarviswidget-timestamp',
                timestampFormat: 'Last update: %m%/%d%/%y% %h%:%i%:%s%',
                refreshButton: true,
                refreshButtonClass: 'fa fa-refresh',
                labelError: 'Sorry but there was a error:',
                labelUpdated: 'Last Update:',
                labelRefresh: 'Refresh',
                labelDelete: 'Delete widget:',
                afterLoad: function () {
                },
                rtl: false, // best not to toggle this!
                onChange: function () {
                },
                onSave: function () {
                },
                ajaxnav: $.navAsAjax // declears how the localstorage should be saved
            });
        }
        return {
            layout: function() {
                $timeout(layout, 1000);
            }
        };
    });
})(window.yourApp);
Your controller should then look like this:
function($scope, $http, presenter) {
    ...
    $http("api/data").success(function(data) {
        $scope.dataSeries= data;
        presenter.layout();
    });
    ...
}