There is example @ php.net http://php.net/manual/en/function.file-get-contents.php#102575
code:
<?php
/**
make an http POST request and return the response content and headers
@param string $url    url of the requested script
@param array $data    hash array of request variables
@return returns a hash array with response content and headers in the following form:
    array ('content'=>'<html></html>'
        , 'headers'=>array ('HTTP/1.1 200 OK', 'Connection: close', ...)
        )
*/
function http_post ($url, $data)
{
    $data_url = http_build_query ($data);
    $data_len = strlen ($data_url);
    return array ('content'=>file_get_contents ($url, false, stream_context_create (array ('http'=>array ('method'=>'POST'
            , 'header'=>"Connection: close\r\nContent-Length: $data_len\r\n"
            , 'content'=>$data_url
            ))))
        , 'headers'=>$http_response_header
        );
}
?>
But in real application i wouldn't use that approach. I would suggest you to use curl instead.
Simple example for curl:
<?php
  $ch = curl_init(); // create curl handle
  $url = "http://www.google.com";
  /**
   * For https, there are more options that you must define, these you can get from php.net 
   */
  curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_URL,$url);
  curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_POST, true);
  curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, http_build_query(['array_of_your_post_data']));
  curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
  curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT ,3); //timeout in seconds
  curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 20); // same for here. Timeout in seconds.
  $response = curl_exec($ch);
  curl_close ($ch); //close curl handle
  echo $response;
?>
Using curl, you would get ur post parameters from $_POST 100% of the times. 
I have used curl in tens of projects, has never failed me before.