You can do it through the use of delegation.
When you pass data of UITableViewController to UIViewController, you can set a delegate on UIViewController. Whenever you want to pass data back to UITableViewController, you can call the delegate and pass in the data
Here's a more concrete example in code
- (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender
{
    // Make sure your segue name in storyboard is the same as this line
    if ([[segue identifier] isEqualToString:@"YOUR_SEGUE_NAME_HERE"])
    {
        // Get reference to the destination view controller
        UIViewController *vc = [segue destinationViewController];
        // Pass the UITableViewController to the UIViewController
        [vc setDelegate:self];
    }
}
Create a method on UITableViewController that takes data from UIViewController (example: -(void)processDataFromUIViewController:(NSString *)string)
Now when you want to pass data back to UITableViewController, call [delegate sendDataFromUIViewController:@"data"]