if (isNaN("123@231.23"))
{
 alert("IsNaN - not a number");
}
else
{
 alert ("it is a number");
}
I'm assuming that OP need to distinguish if input is a number or not. If input is float or integer looks irrelevant to his problem. 
Maybe, I'm wrong...
EDIT:
Alright, to keep everyone happy, integer in javasript is pretty big. 
How big integer is in javascript check here.
Asking if something is integer is asking is it a whole number between 9007199254740992 and -9007199254740992. Wholeness of the number you may check using modulus %
$("#cmd").click(function (e) { ChectIfInteger( $("#txt").val() ) });
function ChectIfInteger(myval){
  if (isNaN(myval)){ 
    alert("not integer (not number)")   
  }
  else{
  
    //it is a number but it is integer?
    if( myval % 1 == 0 ){
    
      if (myval <= 9007199254740992 && myval >= -9007199254740992)
        {
          alert("it is integer in javascript");
        }
      else{
          alert ("not integer");
      }
    }
    else{
      alert("nope, not integer");
    }
    
    
  }
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<input type="text" id="txt"/>
<input type="button" id="cmd" value="test input">