admin_enqueue_scripts and wp_enqueue_script are the preferred way to add javascript files to the dashboard.
// I'm using an anonymous function for brevity.
add_action( 'admin_enqueue_scripts', function() {
    wp_enqueue_script( 'handle', plugin_dir_url( __FILE__ ) . '/script.js' );
} );
If you want to output the javascript using your PHP function however, wp_add_inline_script doesn't seem to work. Instead, you can use admin_print_scripts to directly echo out the script, including the script tags themselves. Just ensure to set the priority high so that it loads after any required libraries, such as jQuery.
add_action( 'admin_print_scripts', function() {
    // I'm using NOWDOC notation to allow line breaks and unescaped quotation marks.
    echo <<<'EOT'
<script type="text/javascript">
jQuery(function($){
    // Do stuff here.
});
</script>
EOT;
}, PHP_INT_MAX );