You can use an ExceptionResponseListener to send a custom Response on the exceptions of your need.
// src/Acme/AppBundle/EventListener/ExceptionResponseListener.php
<?php
namespace Acme\AppBundle\EventListener;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\JsonResponse;
use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\NotFoundtHttpException;
use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Event\GetResponseForExceptionEvent;
class ExceptionResponseListener
{
    /**
     * @param GetResponseForExceptionEvent $event
     */
    public function onKernelResponse(GetResponseForExceptionEvent $event)
    {
        $request = $event->getRequest();
        $routeName = $request->get('_route');
        // Check if it's the good route (or namespace ..)
        if ('your_route' !== $routeName) {
            return;
        }
        $exception =  $event->getException();
        $statusCode = 500;
        $message = $exception->getMessage();
        // Choose the Exception you intercept.
        if ($exception instanceof NotFoundHttpException) {
            $statusCode = $exception->getStatusCode();
            $message = $exception->getMessage();
        }
        // Create your own response
        $content = ['error' => $message];
        $response = new JsonResponse($content, $statusCode);
        // Update the event response
        $event->setResponse($response);
    }
}
Then, register it as service :
parameters:
    acme.kernel.listener.exception_listener.class:
        Acme\AppBundle\EventListener\ExceptionResponseListener
services:
    acme.kernel.listener.exception_listener:
        class: %acme.kernel.listener.exception_listener.class%
        tags:
            - {name: kernel.event_listener, event: kernel.exception, method: onKernelResponse}
Like this you can send your own.
Documentation here :   http://symfony.com/doc/current/cookbook/event_dispatcher/event_listener.html