If you are using Vanilla JS (plain javascript) then you need to find the a tag by looping among all a and finding the one with href http://google.com and then replace it's innerHTML.
var els = document.getElementsByTagName("a");
for (var i = 0, l = els.length; i < l; i++) {
    var el = els[i];
    if (el.href === 'http://google.com') {
        el.innerHTML = "New Content";
    }
}
Explaination:
A. document.getElementsByTagName will return you the list of all elements matching the passed tag.
B. el.href will get you the href of the a.
C. el.innerHTML = "New Content" will set the new content.