As indicated in a related question, you could start exploring with -X. I then tried -Xlint:help and this yields some settings for shadowing:
Information:scalac: Enable or disable specific warnings
  adapted-args               Warn if an argument list is modified to match 
                             the receiver.
  nullary-unit               Warn when nullary methods return Unit.
  inaccessible               Warn about inaccessible types in method signatures.
  nullary-override           Warn when non-nullary `def f()' overrides nullary 
                             `def f'.
  infer-any                  Warn when a type argument is inferred to be `Any`.
  missing-interpolator       A string literal appears to be missing an 
                             interpolator id.
  doc-detached               A ScalaDoc comment appears to be detached from its 
                             element.
  private-shadow             A private field (or class parameter) shadows a 
                             superclass field.
  type-parameter-shadow      A local type parameter shadows a type already in 
                             scope.
  poly-implicit-overload     Parameterized overloaded implicit methods are not 
                             visible as view bounds.
  option-implicit            Option.apply used implicit view.
  delayedinit-select         Selecting member of DelayedInit.
  by-name-right-associative  By-name parameter of right associative operator.
  package-object-classes     Class or object defined in package object.
  unsound-match              Pattern match may not be typesafe.
  stars-align                Pattern sequence wildcard must align with sequence 
                             component.
Probably -Xlint:private-shadow is what you want?