It looks like this is impossible, since SASS information disappears once it is compiled to CSS.
Maybe lighten the color with Javascript instead? Then you can just set a JS variable. The following is taken from CSS Tricks:
function LightenDarkenColor(col, amt) {
    var usePound = false;
    if (col[0] == "#") {
        col = col.slice(1);
        usePound = true;
    }
    var num = parseInt(col,16);
    var r = (num >> 16) + amt;
    if (r > 255) r = 255;
    else if  (r < 0) r = 0;
    var b = ((num >> 8) & 0x00FF) + amt;
    if (b > 255) b = 255;
    else if  (b < 0) b = 0;
    var g = (num & 0x0000FF) + amt;
    if (g > 255) g = 255;
    else if (g < 0) g = 0;
    return (usePound?"#":"") + (g | (b << 8) | (r << 16)).toString(16);
}
// Lighten
var NewColor = LightenDarkenColor("#F06D06", 20); 
// Darken
var NewColor = LightenDarkenColor("#F06D06", -20);