Ignoring accented letters in string comparison

Question

I need to compare 2 strings in C# and treat accented letters the same as non-accented letters. For example:

string s1 = "hello";
string s2 = "héllo";

s1.Equals(s2, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);
s1.Equals(s2, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);

These 2 strings need to be the same (as far as my application is concerned), but both of these statements evaluate to false. Is there a way in C# to do this?

Answer 1

FWIW, knightfor's answer below (as of this writing) should be the accepted answer.

Here's a function that strips diacritics from a string:

static string RemoveDiacritics(string text)
{
  string formD = text.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormD);
  StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

  foreach (char ch in formD)
  {
    UnicodeCategory uc = CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(ch);
    if (uc != UnicodeCategory.NonSpacingMark)
    {
      sb.Append(ch);
    }
  }

  return sb.ToString().Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormC);
}

More details on MichKap's blog (RIP...).

The principle is that is it turns 'é' into 2 successive chars 'e', acute. It then iterates through the chars and skips the diacritics.

"héllo" becomes "he<acute>llo", which in turn becomes "hello".

Debug.Assert("hello"==RemoveDiacritics("héllo"));

---

Note: Here's a more compact .NET4+ friendly version of the same function:

static string RemoveDiacritics(string text)
{
  return string.Concat( 
      text.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormD)
      .Where(ch => CharUnicodeInfo.GetUnicodeCategory(ch)!=
                                    UnicodeCategory.NonSpacingMark)
    ).Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormC);
}

Answer 2

If you don't need to convert the string and you just want to check for equality you can use

string s1 = "hello";
string s2 = "héllo";

if (String.Compare(s1, s2, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, CompareOptions.IgnoreNonSpace) == 0)
{
    // both strings are equal
}

or if you want the comparison to be case insensitive as well

string s1 = "HEllO";
string s2 = "héLLo";

if (String.Compare(s1, s2, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, CompareOptions.IgnoreNonSpace | CompareOptions.IgnoreCase) == 0)
{
    // both strings are equal
}

Answer 3

I had to do something similar but with a StartsWith method. Here is a simple solution derived from @Serge - appTranslator.

Here is an extension method:

    public static bool StartsWith(this string str, string value, CultureInfo culture, CompareOptions options)
    {
        if (str.Length >= value.Length)
            return string.Compare(str.Substring(0, value.Length), value, culture, options) == 0;
        else
            return false;            
    }

And for one liners freaks ;)

    public static bool StartsWith(this string str, string value, CultureInfo culture, CompareOptions options)
    {
        return str.Length >= value.Length && string.Compare(str.Substring(0, value.Length), value, culture, options) == 0;
    }

Accent incensitive and case incensitive startsWith can be called like this

value.ToString().StartsWith(str, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, CompareOptions.IgnoreNonSpace | CompareOptions.IgnoreCase)

Answer 4

The following method CompareIgnoreAccents(...) works on your example data. Here is the article where I got my background information: http://www.codeproject.com/KB/cs/EncodingAccents.aspx

private static bool CompareIgnoreAccents(string s1, string s2)
{
    return string.Compare(
        RemoveAccents(s1), RemoveAccents(s2), StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) == 0;
}

private static string RemoveAccents(string s)
{
    Encoding destEncoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("iso-8859-8");

    return destEncoding.GetString(
        Encoding.Convert(Encoding.UTF8, destEncoding, Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(s)));
}

I think an extension method would be better:

public static string RemoveAccents(this string s)
{
    Encoding destEncoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("iso-8859-8");

    return destEncoding.GetString(
        Encoding.Convert(Encoding.UTF8, destEncoding, Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(s)));
}

Then the use would be this:

if(string.Compare(s1.RemoveAccents(), s2.RemoveAccents(), true) == 0) {
   ...

Answer 5

A more simple way to remove accents:

    Dim source As String = "áéíóúç"
    Dim result As String

    Dim bytes As Byte() = Encoding.GetEncoding("Cyrillic").GetBytes(source)
    result = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bytes)

Answer 6

try this overload on the String.Compare Method.

String.Compare Method (String, String, Boolean, CultureInfo)

It produces a int value based on the compare operations including cultureinfo. the example in the page compares "Change" in en-US and en-CZ. CH in en-CZ is a single "letter".

example from the link

using System;
using System.Globalization;

class Sample {
    public static void Main() {
    String str1 = "change";
    String str2 = "dollar";
    String relation = null;

    relation = symbol( String.Compare(str1, str2, false, new CultureInfo("en-US")) );
    Console.WriteLine("For en-US: {0} {1} {2}", str1, relation, str2);

    relation = symbol( String.Compare(str1, str2, false, new CultureInfo("cs-CZ")) );
    Console.WriteLine("For cs-CZ: {0} {1} {2}", str1, relation, str2);
    }

    private static String symbol(int r) {
    String s = "=";
    if      (r < 0) s = "<";
    else if (r > 0) s = ">";
    return s;
    }
}
/*
This example produces the following results.
For en-US: change < dollar
For cs-CZ: change > dollar
*/

therefor for accented languages you will need to get the culture then test the strings based on that.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hyxc48dt.aspx