The cause of this error can be traced from Illuminate\View\Compilers\Compiler.php
public function __construct(Filesystem $files, $cachePath)
{
    if (! $cachePath) {
        throw new InvalidArgumentException('Please provide a valid cache path.');
    }
    $this->files = $files;
    $this->cachePath = $cachePath;
}
The constructor is invoked by BladeCompiler in Illuminate\View\ViewServiceProvider
/**
 * Register the Blade engine implementation.
 *
 * @param  \Illuminate\View\Engines\EngineResolver  $resolver
 * @return void
 */
public function registerBladeEngine($resolver)
{
    // The Compiler engine requires an instance of the CompilerInterface, which in
    // this case will be the Blade compiler, so we'll first create the compiler
    // instance to pass into the engine so it can compile the views properly.
    $this->app->singleton('blade.compiler', function () {
        return new BladeCompiler(
            $this->app['files'], $this->app['config']['view.compiled']
        );
    });
    $resolver->register('blade', function () {
        return new CompilerEngine($this->app['blade.compiler']);
    });
}
So, tracing back further, the following code:
$this->app['config']['view.compiled']
is generally located in your /config/view.php, if you use the standard laravel structure.
<?php
return [
    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | View Storage Paths
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | Most templating systems load templates from disk. Here you may specify
    | an array of paths that should be checked for your views. Of course
    | the usual Laravel view path has already been registered for you.
    |
    */
    'paths' => [
        resource_path('views'),
    ],
    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Compiled View Path
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | This option determines where all the compiled Blade templates will be
    | stored for your application. Typically, this is within the storage
    | directory. However, as usual, you are free to change this value.
    |
    */
    'compiled' => realpath(storage_path('framework/views')),
];
realpath(...) returns false, if the path does not exist. Thus, invoking 
'Please provide a valid cache path.' error.
Therefore, to get rid of this error, what you can do is to ensure that
storage_path('framework/views')
or
/storage/framework/views
exists :)