Your file is a almost certainly a header file, because of the .hpp extension. (It could be a source file, no one knows, the extension doesn't mean anything).
Note that only .hpp is the extension, not .cpp.hpp. The actual file name is example.cpp. There can only be one extension for any given file.
Why would anyone do that? Here's a theory:
The default option on Windows (I think) is to hide file extensions. The person maybe tried to change the extension, by renaming the file. But because the actual extension was hidden, he added .cpp to the actual filename, and so the file became example.cpp.hpp. Because the .hpp part was hidden, the person thought that the file had the correct extension, when it hadn't.