I am trying to understand the concept of shallow vs deep copy in Java. There is a lot of articles and Q&A about this subject, but whenever I try to implement these concepts in a real Java code, everything become unclear to me.
One of the answers on which I base my understanding is in this link, where deep and shallow copying are explained via schemas.
I will show you below my implementation for each case:
- Shallow copy:
I took for my example the method System.arraycopy() as I read in many articles that it performs a shallow copy (along with the clone method)
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
NameValue[] instance1 = {
new NameValue("name1", 1),
new NameValue("name2", 2),
new NameValue("name3", 3),
};
NameValue[] instance2 = new NameValue[instance1.length];
// Print initial state
System.out.println("Arrays before shallow copy:");
System.out.println("Instance 1: " + Arrays.toString(instance1));
System.out.println("Instance 2: " + Arrays.toString(instance2));
// Perform shallow copy
System.arraycopy(instance1, 0, instance2, 0, 3);
// Change instance 1
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
instance1[i].change();
}
// Print final state
System.out.println("Arrays after shallow copy:");
System.out.println("Instance 1: " + Arrays.toString(instance1));
System.out.println("Instance 2: " + Arrays.toString(instance2));
}
private static class NameValue {
private String name;
private int value;
public NameValue(String name, int value) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.value = value;
}
public void change() {
this.name = this.name + "-bis";
this.value = this.value + 1;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return this.name + ": " + this.value;
}
}
}
The result of the execution of the main methods is as follows:
Arrays before shallow copy:
Instance 1: [name1: 1, name2: 2, name3: 3]
Instance 2: [null, null, null]
Arrays after shallow copy:
Instance 1: [name1-bis: 2, name2-bis: 3, name3-bis: 4]
Instance 2: [name1-bis: 2, name2-bis: 3, name3-bis: 4]
this result is an accordance with the schema of the previous link:
- Deep copy:
I took for this example the method Arrays.copyOf() as I read in many articles that it performs a deep copy (along with the Arrays.copyOfRange method)
public static void main(String[] args) {
NameValue[] instance1 = {
new NameValue("name1", 1),
new NameValue("name2", 2),
new NameValue("name3", 3),
};
NameValue[] instance2 = new NameValue[instance1.length];
// Print initial state
System.out.println("Arrays before deep copy:");
System.out.println("Instance 1: " + Arrays.toString(instance1));
System.out.println("Instance 2: " + Arrays.toString(instance2));
// Perform deep copy
instance2 = Arrays.copyOf(instance1, 3);
// Change instance 1
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
instance2[i].change();
}
// Print final state
System.out.println("Arrays after deep copy:");
System.out.println("Instance 1: " + Arrays.toString(instance1));
System.out.println("Instance 2: " + Arrays.toString(instance2));
}
which displays:
Arrays before deep copy:
Instance 1: [name1: 1, name2: 2, name3: 3]
Instance 2: [null, null, null]
Arrays after deep copy:
Instance 1: [name1-bis: 2, name2-bis: 3, name3-bis: 4]
Instance 2: [name1-bis: 2, name2-bis: 3, name3-bis: 4]
If we base the deep copy logic on the previous schema, this should be the result:
As you may notice, the result of the execution of the main method is different from the logic of the schema above.
Any explanation will be welcome.
