One of the ways you can do this is to use your own check images in the CheckBox. You'll need images for the different states which you can obtain from http://android-holo-colors.com/
Then we can reference these drawables in our code as:
Drawable mEnabledBg = getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.check_bg_enabled);
Drawable mCheckedBg = getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.check_bg_checked);
Drawable mDisabledBg = getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.check_bg_disabled);
Now, we use them in a StateListDrawbles:
StateListDrawable tickColorStates = new StateListDrawable();
tickColorStates.addState(new int[]{android.R.attr.state_checked}, mCheckedBg); //checked
tickColorStates.addState(new int[]{-android.R.attr.state_checked, android.R.attr.state_enabled}, mEnabledBg); //un-checked
tickColorStates.addState(new int[]{-android.R.attr.state_enabled}, mDisabledBg); //disabled
checkBox.setButtonDrawable(tickColorStates);
Of course this setup can also be done in xml and you'll simply need to call setButtonDrawable() then. Hope this helps.