You need to use int to convert the numbers into integers because raw_input returns a string.
A = int(raw_input("Enter A length - "))
B = int(raw_input("Enter B length - "))
C = int(raw_input("Enter C length - "))
if A * A + B * B > C * C:
    # do stuff
What int does is take an object and convert it into an integer. Before, raw_input returned a string. You need to cast to integer with int.
>>> A = raw_input('Test: ')
Test: 3
>>> A
'3'
As you can see, raw_input returns a string. Convert to integer:
>>> int(A)
3
Note: input is not a good idea as it evaluates input taken as literal code. This can raise many errors for wrong inputs—NameError to name one. It can also be dangerous in the sense that malicious code can be executed by the user. Also, for handling wrong inputs, use a try/except. It will raise a ValueError if the object passed is not convertible.