I am working on a full-screen DialogFragment over an Activity for form input, using these two other questions as primary sources: How to achieve a full-screen dialog as described in material guidelines? and Android full screen dialog appears transparent and in the wrong position.
Whenever I press the Close button (Up button) in the DialogFragment, the Activity behind it is also closed. The second question's answer fixed this for the rest of the layout letting presses pass through, but not the Toolbar.
fragment_dialog_add_edit.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
    android:background="@color/md_white">
    <android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout
        xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:fitsSystemWindows="true">
        <android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:theme="@style/AppTheme.AppBarOverlay">
            <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
                android:id="@+id/toolbar"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
                android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
                app:popupTheme="@style/AppTheme.PopupOverlay"/>
        </android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
        <android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout
            android:id="@+id/dialogLayout"
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="fill_parent"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior">
            <android.support.design.widget.TextInputLayout
                android:id="@+id/textInputLayout2"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
                android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
                android:layout_marginLeft="16dp"
                app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
                android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
                android:layout_marginRight="16dp"
                android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
                app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
                android:hint="@string/hint_name">
                <android.support.design.widget.TextInputEditText
                    android:id="@+id/etxt_restaurant_name"
                    android:layout_width="match_parent"
                    android:layout_height="match_parent"
                    android:textAppearance="@style/Base.TextAppearance.AppCompat.Display1"
                    android:inputType="text" />
            </android.support.design.widget.TextInputLayout>
            <android.support.design.widget.TextInputLayout
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:id="@+id/textInputLayout"
                android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
                app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
                android:layout_marginRight="16dp"
                android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
                app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textInputLayout2"
                android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
                app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
                android:layout_marginLeft="16dp"
                android:hint="@string/hint_location">
                <android.support.design.widget.TextInputEditText
                    android:id="@+id/etxt_restaurant_location"
                    android:layout_width="match_parent"
                    android:layout_height="match_parent"
                    android:inputType="text" />
            </android.support.design.widget.TextInputLayout>
        </android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
    </android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>
AddEditDialogFragment.java
package nl.verhoogenvansetten.restaurantrio;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.design.widget.TextInputEditText;
import android.support.v4.app.DialogFragment;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBar;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuInflater;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.view.Window;
public class AddEditDialogFragment extends DialogFragment {
    private static final String TAG = "AddEditDialogFragment";
    public AddEditDialogFragment() {}
    public static AddEditDialogFragment newInstance(String title) {
        AddEditDialogFragment frag = new AddEditDialogFragment();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        args.putString("title", title);
        frag.setArguments(args);
        return frag;
    }
    public static AddEditDialogFragment newInstance(String title, String name, String location, byte[] image) {
        AddEditDialogFragment frag = new AddEditDialogFragment();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        args.putString("title", title);
        args.putString("name", name);
        args.putString("location", location);
        args.putByteArray("image", image);
        frag.setArguments(args);
        return frag;
    }
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_dialog_add_edit, container, false);
        Bundle args = getArguments();
        Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) rootView.findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
        String mTitle = getArguments().getString("title");
        toolbar.setTitle(mTitle);
        String mName;
        TextInputEditText mETxtName = (TextInputEditText) rootView.findViewById(R.id.etxt_restaurant_name);
        if ((mName = args.getString("name")) != null)
            mETxtName.setText(mName);
        String mLocation;
        TextInputEditText mETxtLocation = (TextInputEditText) rootView.findViewById(R.id.etxt_restaurant_location);
        if ((mLocation = args.getString("location")) != null)
            mETxtLocation.setText(mLocation);
        AppCompatActivity activity = (AppCompatActivity) getActivity();
        activity.setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
        ActionBar actionBar = activity.getSupportActionBar();
        if (actionBar != null) {
            actionBar.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
            actionBar.setHomeButtonEnabled(true);
            actionBar.setHomeAsUpIndicator(R.drawable.ic_close_white_24dp);
        }
        setHasOptionsMenu(true);
        return rootView;
    }
    @NonNull
    @Override
    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        Dialog dialog = super.onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState);
        dialog.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
        return dialog;
    }
    @Override
    public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) {
        menu.clear();
        getActivity().getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_add_edit_dialog, menu);
    }
    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        int id = item.getItemId();
        if (id == R.id.action_save) {
            // Save data to DB
            return true;
        } else if (id == android.R.id.home) {
            getActivity().onBackPressed();
            return true;
        }
        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
}
For opening the Dialogs, a utility class was created:
DialogUtil.java
package nl.verhoogenvansetten.restaurantrio.util;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import nl.verhoogenvansetten.restaurantrio.AddEditDialogFragment;
/**
 * Created by Bas on 21-9-2016.
 */
public class DialogUtil {
    public static void openAddDialog(FragmentManager fragmentManager, String title) {
        AddEditDialogFragment addFragment = AddEditDialogFragment.newInstance(title);
        FragmentTransaction transaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        transaction.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_OPEN);
        transaction.add(android.R.id.content, addFragment, "add_edit_fragment").addToBackStack(null).commit();
    }
    public static void openEditDialog(FragmentManager fragmentManager, String title, String name, String location, byte[] image) {
        AddEditDialogFragment addFragment = AddEditDialogFragment.newInstance(title, name, location, image);
        FragmentTransaction transaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        transaction.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_OPEN);
        transaction.add(android.R.id.content, addFragment, "add_edit_fragment").addToBackStack(null).commit();
    }
}