You could use async.until to loop through some logic until the header is available:
let success = true;
async.until(
    // Do this as a test for each iteration
    function() {
        return success == true;
    },
    // Function to loop through
    function(callback) {
        request(..., function(err, response, body) {
            // Header test
            if(resonse.headers['Content-Disposition'] == 'attatchment;filename=...') {
                response.pipe(fs.createWriteStream('./filename.zip'));
                success = true;
            }
            // If you want to set a timeout delay
            // setTimeout(function() { callback(null) }, 3000);
            callback(null);
        });
    },
    // Success!
    function(err) {
        // Do anything after it's done
    }
)
You could do it with some other ways like a setInterval, but I would choose to use async for friendly asynchronous functionality.
EDIT: Here's another example using setTimeout (I didn't like the initial delay with setInterval.
let request = require('request');
let check_loop = () => {
    request('http://url-here.tld', (err, response, body) => {
        // Edit line below to look for specific header and value
        if(response.headers['{{HEADER_NAME_HERE}}'] == '{{EXPECTED_HEADER_VAL}}') 
        {
            response.pipe(fs.createWriteStream('./filename.zip')); // write file to ./filename.zip
        }
        else
        {
            // Not ready yet, try again in 30s
            setTimeout(check_loop, 30 * 1000);
        }
    });
};
check_loop();