command is a class method of SlackRubyBot::Commands::Base, which PongBot gets by inheritance through SlackRubyBot::Bot. As a class method, it can be invoked in the class context. So yes, it is a method that takes 'ping' as an argument.
You can use def to define methods, of course. command does not actually define any methods. What it does is it creates a regular expression to match your command and enters it (and the accompanying code block) into a data structure against which traffic will be filtered later.
If you want to match arbitrary regular expressions in arbitrary text in channel, follow the section on generic routing, using the match method (for single match) or scan method (for all matches). Something like this (untested):
class URLBot < SlackRubyBot::Bot
  # adapted from http://stackoverflow.com/a/190405/240443
  URL_RE = /([a-z](?:[-a-z0-9\+\.])*:(?:\/\/(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\u{A0}-\u{D7FF}\u{F900}-\u{FDCF}\u{FDF0}-\u{FFEF}\u{10000}-\u{1FFFD}\u{20000}-\u{2FFFD}\u{30000}-\u{3FFFD}\u{40000}-\u{4FFFD}\u{50000}-\u{5FFFD}\u{60000}-\u{6FFFD}\u{70000}-\u{7FFFD}\u{80000}-\u{8FFFD}\u{90000}-\u{9FFFD}\u{A0000}-\u{AFFFD}\u{B0000}-\u{BFFFD}\u{C0000}-\u{CFFFD}\u{D0000}-\u{DFFFD}\u{E1000}-\u{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:])*@)?(?:\[(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){6}(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){5}(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){4}(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){3}(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,2}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){2}(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,3}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,4}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3})|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,5}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}|(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,6}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?::)|v[0-9a-f]+[-a-z0-9\._~!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:]+)\]|(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])(?:\.(?:[0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])){3}|(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\u{A0}-\u{D7FF}\u{F900}-\u{FDCF}\u{FDF0}-\u{FFEF}\u{10000}-\u{1FFFD}\u{20000}-\u{2FFFD}\u{30000}-\u{3FFFD}\u{40000}-\u{4FFFD}\u{50000}-\u{5FFFD}\u{60000}-\u{6FFFD}\u{70000}-\u{7FFFD}\u{80000}-\u{8FFFD}\u{90000}-\u{9FFFD}\u{A0000}-\u{AFFFD}\u{B0000}-\u{BFFFD}\u{C0000}-\u{CFFFD}\u{D0000}-\u{DFFFD}\u{E1000}-\u{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=@])*)(?::[0-9]*)?(?:\/(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\u{A0}-\u{D7FF}\u{F900}-\u{FDCF}\u{FDF0}-\u{FFEF}\u{10000}-\u{1FFFD}\u{20000}-\u{2FFFD}\u{30000}-\u{3FFFD}\u{40000}-\u{4FFFD}\u{50000}-\u{5FFFD}\u{60000}-\u{6FFFD}\u{70000}-\u{7FFFD}\u{80000}-\u{8FFFD}\u{90000}-\u{9FFFD}\u{A0000}-\u{AFFFD}\u{B0000}-\u{BFFFD}\u{C0000}-\u{CFFFD}\u{D0000}-\u{DFFFD}\u{E1000}-\u{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))*)*|\/(?:(?:(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\u{A0}-\u{D7FF}\u{F900}-\u{FDCF}\u{FDF0}-\u{FFEF}\u{10000}-\u{1FFFD}\u{20000}-\u{2FFFD}\u{30000}-\u{3FFFD}\u{40000}-\u{4FFFD}\u{50000}-\u{5FFFD}\u{60000}-\u{6FFFD}\u{70000}-\u{7FFFD}\u{80000}-\u{8FFFD}\u{90000}-\u{9FFFD}\u{A0000}-\u{AFFFD}\u{B0000}-\u{BFFFD}\u{C0000}-\u{CFFFD}\u{D0000}-\u{DFFFD}\u{E1000}-\u{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))+)(?:\/(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\u{A0}-\u{D7FF}\u{F900}-\u{FDCF}\u{FDF0}-\u{FFEF}\u{10000}-\u{1FFFD}\u{20000}-\u{2FFFD}\u{30000}-\u{3FFFD}\u{40000}-\u{4FFFD}\u{50000}-\u{5FFFD}\u{60000}-\u{6FFFD}\u{70000}-\u{7FFFD}\u{80000}-\u{8FFFD}\u{90000}-\u{9FFFD}\u{A0000}-\u{AFFFD}\u{B0000}-\u{BFFFD}\u{C0000}-\u{CFFFD}\u{D0000}-\u{DFFFD}\u{E1000}-\u{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))*)*)?|(?:(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\u{A0}-\u{D7FF}\u{F900}-\u{FDCF}\u{FDF0}-\u{FFEF}\u{10000}-\u{1FFFD}\u{20000}-\u{2FFFD}\u{30000}-\u{3FFFD}\u{40000}-\u{4FFFD}\u{50000}-\u{5FFFD}\u{60000}-\u{6FFFD}\u{70000}-\u{7FFFD}\u{80000}-\u{8FFFD}\u{90000}-\u{9FFFD}\u{A0000}-\u{AFFFD}\u{B0000}-\u{BFFFD}\u{C0000}-\u{CFFFD}\u{D0000}-\u{DFFFD}\u{E1000}-\u{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))+)(?:\/(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\u{A0}-\u{D7FF}\u{F900}-\u{FDCF}\u{FDF0}-\u{FFEF}\u{10000}-\u{1FFFD}\u{20000}-\u{2FFFD}\u{30000}-\u{3FFFD}\u{40000}-\u{4FFFD}\u{50000}-\u{5FFFD}\u{60000}-\u{6FFFD}\u{70000}-\u{7FFFD}\u{80000}-\u{8FFFD}\u{90000}-\u{9FFFD}\u{A0000}-\u{AFFFD}\u{B0000}-\u{BFFFD}\u{C0000}-\u{CFFFD}\u{D0000}-\u{DFFFD}\u{E1000}-\u{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))*)*|(?!(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\u{A0}-\u{D7FF}\u{F900}-\u{FDCF}\u{FDF0}-\u{FFEF}\u{10000}-\u{1FFFD}\u{20000}-\u{2FFFD}\u{30000}-\u{3FFFD}\u{40000}-\u{4FFFD}\u{50000}-\u{5FFFD}\u{60000}-\u{6FFFD}\u{70000}-\u{7FFFD}\u{80000}-\u{8FFFD}\u{90000}-\u{9FFFD}\u{A0000}-\u{AFFFD}\u{B0000}-\u{BFFFD}\u{C0000}-\u{CFFFD}\u{D0000}-\u{DFFFD}\u{E1000}-\u{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@])))(?:\?(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\u{A0}-\u{D7FF}\u{F900}-\u{FDCF}\u{FDF0}-\u{FFEF}\u{10000}-\u{1FFFD}\u{20000}-\u{2FFFD}\u{30000}-\u{3FFFD}\u{40000}-\u{4FFFD}\u{50000}-\u{5FFFD}\u{60000}-\u{6FFFD}\u{70000}-\u{7FFFD}\u{80000}-\u{8FFFD}\u{90000}-\u{9FFFD}\u{A0000}-\u{AFFFD}\u{B0000}-\u{BFFFD}\u{C0000}-\u{CFFFD}\u{D0000}-\u{DFFFD}\u{E1000}-\u{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@])|[\u{E000}-\u{F8FF}\u{F0000}-\u{FFFFD}\u{100000}-\u{10FFFD}\/\?])*)?(?:\#(?:(?:%[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\u{A0}-\u{D7FF}\u{F900}-\u{FDCF}\u{FDF0}-\u{FFEF}\u{10000}-\u{1FFFD}\u{20000}-\u{2FFFD}\u{30000}-\u{3FFFD}\u{40000}-\u{4FFFD}\u{50000}-\u{5FFFD}\u{60000}-\u{6FFFD}\u{70000}-\u{7FFFD}\u{80000}-\u{8FFFD}\u{90000}-\u{9FFFD}\u{A0000}-\u{AFFFD}\u{B0000}-\u{BFFFD}\u{C0000}-\u{CFFFD}\u{D0000}-\u{DFFFD}\u{E1000}-\u{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@])|[\/\?])*)?)/i
  scan URL_RE do |client, data, urls|
    # do something with `urls`
  end
end