You can easily do this with VBA. To get to the VBA editor, press ALT+F11 when in Excel. The create a new module (Insert>Module) and paste the following code:
Sub insertRows()
    Dim vcell As Range
    Dim i As Integer
    Dim j As Integer
    Dim lastRow As Integer
    ' Use WITH for shorthand (everything starting ".")
    ' because all cell references are to current sheet
    With ThisWorkbook.ActiveSheet
        ' Cycle through each cell in the used range of column 1,
        ' start by getting the last row
        lastRow = .UsedRange.Rows.Count
        ' Go bottom to top as inserting new rows pushes everything down
        For i = lastRow To 1 Step -1
            ' Set cell as row i, column 1
            Set vcell = .Cells(i, 1)
            ' If it is a cell with value LARGE then do some action
            If vcell.Value = "Large" Then
                ' loop for desired number of times, e.g. 3
                For j = 1 To 3
                    ' Insert a new row above VCELL
                    vcell.EntireRow.Insert
                Next j
            End If
        Next i
    End With
End Sub
To Run the code press F5 or click the green play button.
I've commented the code (all lines starting with an apostrophe) for explanation. This code cycles up through the column, and when a cell value is "Large", 3 rows are inserted. Of course in your example, change this to 10 and you can later change "Large" to anything you wish.
Below is the result: 

Hope this helps