I've successfully used the Mailchimp V3.0 API to create a new campaign and have attempted to subsequently add content to that campaign/email but I can't get it to add the content. Following is the (test) code:
$email_test_message = "Testing API v3.0";
$Content_options = array(
    'plain_text' => $email_test_message
                        );    
$json_content = json_encode($Content_options);
$auth = base64_encode('PRCadmin:' . $MAILCHIMP_API_KEY );
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $MAILCHIMP_URL_API_V3 . '/campaigns/' .   $campaign_id . '/content');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Content-Type: application/json',
        'Authorization: Basic ' . $auth));
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, 'PHP-MCAPI/3.0');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 30);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, 'PUT');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, true);    
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $json_content); 
$retval = curl_exec($ch);             
$json = json_decode($retval);          
curl_close($ch);