Solved it!
You have to convert the Inputstream to a Temorary File, get the Uri of that file and attach it to the email Intent.
    Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
    i.setType("application/pdf");
    try {
        ZipResourceFile expansionFile = new ZipResourceFile("Path to .obb file");
        InputStream fileStream = expansionFile.getInputStream("Path inside .obb");
        String downloadordner = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).toString(); //used for temp storage
        File tempFile = new File(downloadordner+"/"+"filename.pdf");
        tempFile.deleteOnExit();
        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(tempFile);
        IOUtils.copy(fileStream, out);
        Uri theUri = Uri.fromFile(tempFile);
        i.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, theUri);
        startActivity(Intent.createChooser(i, "PDF versenden..."));
    } catch (android.content.ActivityNotFoundException ex) {
        Toast.makeText(preisliste.this, "Es wurde kein E-Mail Client gefunden.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
    catch (IOException e)
    {
        Log.v("Datei nicht gefunden","Main Expansion");
    }