this.getView().byId() is not working as your fragment has not been provided with an Id of the view while instantiating. So, let us suppose I have a Fragment: HelloDialog.
<core:FragmentDefinition
   xmlns="sap.m"
   xmlns:core="sap.ui.core" >
   <Dialog>
        <content>
            <List id='myId'
            noDataText="No Products Found"
            title="Uraian"
            search="handleSearch"
            confirm="handleClose"
            close="handleClose"
            items="{
                path: 'list>/'
            }" >
                <StandardListItem
                    title="{list>Name}"
                    description="{list>ProductId}"
                    iconDensityAware="false"
                    iconInset="false"
                    type="Active" />
            </List>
        </content>
    </Dialog>
</core:FragmentDefinition>
I will instantiate it with 2 different ways ( remember the Id of the list is :myId)
- Instantiate without any Id: Code: - oDialog = sap.ui.xmlfragment("testbed.HelloDialog");
oView.addDependent(oDialog); 
Now, if you will check the DOM, the Id of the List will be just myId.
So, to fetch Id in these casem use: sap.ui.getCore().byId('myId').
- Instantiate with ID: Code: - oDialog = sap.ui.xmlfragment('fragmentId', "testbed.HelloDialog");
oView.addDependent(oDialog);
 
Now, if you will check the DOM, the Id of the List will be : fragmentId--myId.
Here, again you can use sap.ui.core.Fragment.byId("fragmentId", "myId");
; // Thanks to matbtt
Now, what if I associated  ID of view to be used with my Fragment ie :
     var oView = this.getView();
     var oDialog = oView.byId("helloDialog");
     // create dialog lazily
     if (!oDialog) {
        // create dialog via fragment factory
        oDialog = sap.ui.xmlfragment(oView.getId(), "testbed.HelloDialog");
        oView.addDependent(oDialog);
     }
Id of List in DOM: viewId--myId
Now, I can use my this.getView().byId() as this.getView().byId() simply appends the view Id and then searched for the control.
P.S: You can usethis.byId() rather than this.getView().byId() ( where this refers to the controller).