You can use nodejs child_process module to pass your arguments to your C program (see here for instance).
app.js:
var test = 1;
var exec = require('child_process').exec;
exec('./test.bin '+test, function callback(error, stdout, stderr){console.log(stdout);});
test.c:
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
printf("value of test: %s\n", argv[1]);
return 0;
}
Assuming test.bin is the program built from test.c, executing the javascript file makes the compiled program display the value of test (here, "1"). Be careful the value of the variable test is considered as a single (not empty) argument.