Efficient way to insert data frame from R to SQL

Question

I have a data frame with 10 million rows and 5 columns that I want to insert to an existing sql table. Note that I do not have permission to create a table, I can only insert values into an existing table. I'm currently using RODBCext

query_ch <- "insert into [blah].[dbo].[blahblah] 
               (col1, col2, col3, col4, col5)
               values (?,?,?,?,?)"

sqlExecute(channel, query_ch, my_data)

This takes way too long (more than 10 hours). Is there a way accomplish this faster?

This is not a R specific issue: importing data through many single mysql statements is just damn slow. If available to you, the fastest way might be to write your data to a csv file and use the commandline tool `mysqlimport` or the `LOAD DATA INFILE` syntax. Another strategy to gain speed would be to lock the table before importing the data... — Jealie, May 10 '17 at 00:51

score 11 · Accepted Answer · edited Jun 20 '20 at 09:12

TL;DR: LOAD DATA INFILE is one order of magnitude faster than multiple INSERT statements, which are themselves one order of magnitude faster than single INSERT statements.

I benchmark below the three main strategies to importing data from R into Mysql:

single insert statements, as in the question:

INSERT INTO test (col1,col2,col3) VALUES (1,2,3)
multiple insert statements, formated like so:

INSERT INTO test (col1,col2,col3) VALUES (1,2,3),(4,5,6),(7,8,9)
load data infile statement, i.e. loading a previously written CSV file in mysql:

LOAD DATA INFILE 'the_dump.csv' INTO TABLE test

I use RMySQL here, but any other mysql driver should lead to similar results. The SQL table was instantiated with:

CREATE TABLE `test` (
  `col1` double, `col2` double, `col3` double, `col4` double, `col5` double
) ENGINE=MyISAM;

The connection and test data were created in R with:

library(RMySQL)
con = dbConnect(MySQL(),
                user = 'the_user',
                password = 'the_password',
                host = '127.0.0.1',
                dbname='test')

n_rows = 1000000 # number of tuples
n_cols = 5 # number of fields
dump = matrix(runif(n_rows*n_cols), ncol=n_cols, nrow=n_rows)
colnames(dump) = paste0('col',1:n_cols)

Benchmarking single insert statements:

before = Sys.time()
for (i in 1:nrow(dump)) {
  query = paste0('INSERT INTO test (',paste0(colnames(dump),collapse = ','),') VALUES (',paste0(dump[i,],collapse = ','),');')
  dbExecute(con, query)
}
time_naive = Sys.time() - before

=> this takes about 4 minutes on my computer

Benchmarking multiple insert statements:

before = Sys.time()
chunksize = 10000 # arbitrary chunk size
for (i in 1:ceiling(nrow(dump)/chunksize)) {
  query = paste0('INSERT INTO test (',paste0(colnames(dump),collapse = ','),') VALUES ')
  vals = NULL
  for (j in 1:chunksize) {
    k = (i-1)*chunksize+j
    if (k <= nrow(dump)) {
      vals[j] = paste0('(', paste0(dump[k,],collapse = ','), ')')
    }
  }
  query = paste0(query, paste0(vals,collapse=','))
  dbExecute(con, query)
}
time_chunked = Sys.time() - before

=> this takes about 40 seconds on my computer

Benchmarking load data infile statement:

before = Sys.time()
write.table(dump, 'the_dump.csv',
          row.names = F, col.names=F, sep='\t')
query = "LOAD DATA INFILE 'the_dump.csv' INTO TABLE test"
dbSendStatement(con, query)
time_infile = Sys.time() - before

=> this takes about 4 seconds on my computer

Crafting your SQL query to handle many insert values is the simplest way to improve the performances. Transitioning to LOAD DATA INFILE will lead to optimal results. Good performance tips can be found in this page of mysql documentation.

Efficient way to insert data frame from R to SQL

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