here is the port of code from the java specific answer:
(ns my-project.core
  (:require [clojure.string :as cs])
  (:import java.util.zip.ZipInputStream)
  (:gen-class))
(defrecord HELPER [])
(defn get-code-location []
  (when-let [src (.getCodeSource (.getProtectionDomain HELPER))]
    (.getLocation src)))
(defn list-zip-contents [zip-location]
  (with-open [zip-stream (ZipInputStream. (.openStream zip-location))]
    (loop [dirs []]
      (if-let [entry (.getNextEntry zip-stream)]
        (recur (conj dirs (.getName entry)))
        dirs))))
(defn -main [& args]
  (println (some->> (get-code-location)
                    list-zip-contents
                    (filter #(cs/starts-with? % "a/")))))
Being put to a main namespace and run with jar will output all the paths in the /resources/a folder.. 
java -jar ./target/my-project-0.1.0-SNAPSHOT-standalone.jar 
;;=> (a/ a/b/ a/b/222.txt a/222.txt)
Also some quick research lead me to this library:
https://github.com/ronmamo/reflections
it shortens the code, but also requires some dependencies for the project (i guess it could be undesirable):
[org.reflections/reflections "0.9.11"]
[javax.servlet/servlet-api "2.5"]
[com.google.guava/guava "23.0"]
and the code is something like this:
(ns my-project.core
  (:require [clojure.string :as cs])
  (:import java.util.zip.ZipInputStream
           [org.reflections
            Reflections
            scanners.ResourcesScanner
            scanners.Scanner
            util.ClasspathHelper
            util.ConfigurationBuilder])
  (:gen-class))
(defn -main [& args]
  (let [conf (doto (ConfigurationBuilder.)
               (.setScanners (into-array Scanner [(ResourcesScanner.)]))
               (.setUrls (ClasspathHelper/forClassLoader (make-array ClassLoader 0))))]
    (println
     (filter #(cs/starts-with? % "a/")
             (.getResources (Reflections. conf) #".*")))))