with the help of this Thread I managed to alter the font of my UITableViewCellActionButtons, but now the line-separator for each cell only gets visible after swiping the cell once and the disclosure indicators never show up. Here is my extension-code:
extension UITableViewCell{
    override open func layoutSubviews() {
        super.layoutSubviews()
        for subview in self.subviews {
            for sub in subview.subviews {
                if String(describing: sub).range(of: "UITableViewCellActionButton") != nil {
                    for view in sub.subviews {
                        if String(describing: view).range(of: "UIButtonLabel") != nil {
                            if let label = view as? UILabel {
                                label.font = UIFont(name: "CaptureSmallz", size: label.font.pointSize)
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
My cellforRowAt looks like this:
override func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, cellForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UITableViewCell {
    let cell = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withIdentifier: "planNameCell", for: indexPath)
    ...
    cell.textLabel?.text = ...
    cell.detailTextLabel?.text =  ...
    cell.selectionStyle = UITableViewCellSelectionStyle.none
    let textLabelFontSize = cell.textLabel?.font.pointSize
    cell.textLabel?.font = UIFont(name: "CaptureSmallz", size: textLabelFontSize!)!
    cell.textLabel?.sizeToFit()
    let detailLabelFontSize = cell.detailTextLabel?.font.pointSize
    cell.detailTextLabel?.font = UIFont(name: "CaptureSmallz", size: detailLabelFontSize!)!
    cell.detailTextLabel?.sizeToFit()
    return cell
}
I hope somebody knows what I messed up here. Thanks for the help!
//Edit 1: I've checked the view hierachy with the Xcode-Debugger, but it shows only a blank screen. But I can see the hierachy on the left side: see this screenshot // this is the state of the app I debugged
I noticed that there arent any views for the disclosure indicators and when I swipe left on a cell once the line separator appears and one _UITableViewCellSeparatorView entry gets added in the view hierachy. But I still don't know where to look now.
//Edit 2: I'm currently trying to get rid of the extension and call the code in it manually, but I can`t figure it out where to put it. I tried "viewDidAppear", but then the "UITableViewCellActionButton" aren't there yet. Is there a way to call function right after "editActionsForRowAt" has been called?