Sorry I am going crazy over this.
I have a 300K rows x 60 column data set that is
|country| variable  | 1960 | 1961 | .... |2017|
| US    | GDP       | 122  | 323  | .....| 838|
I want to convert it to.
Year  |country | Variable |
1960
1961
i.e. to put the variables in each column and have rows for years and countries.
I am sorry I hope this question makes sense. t() would not work because it also puts the countries in columns too. 
 
    