You can add a view(e.g. blackMaskView) above mapView with:
self.mapview.insertSubview(blackMaskView, aboveSubview: self.mapview)
and then add a blur effect to blackMaskView as follows:
func createBlurView() {
    // Blur Background
    let blurEffect = UIBlurEffect(style: UIBlurEffectStyle.dark)
    let blurEffectView = UIVisualEffectView(effect: blurEffect)
    blurEffectView.frame = self.view.bounds
    self.blackMaskView.addSubview(blurEffectView)
    self.view.layoutIfNeeded()
}  
Use blackMaskView.isHidden = true, to finally hide the blurred view.
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