What does ${VARIABLE+x} mean in bash?

Question

I've come across code that uses this syntax in an if condition:

if [ ! -z ${VARIABLE+x} ]; then
    some commands here
fi

Does it test for an non-empty variable? If so, how is it different from ! -z "$VARIABLE"?

I would, as that would be plagiarism :-) I'm just saying that answer pretty much answers your question. — Oldskool, Feb 22 '18 at 12:14

score 10 · Answer 1 · answered Feb 22 '18 at 12:06

See PARAMETER EXPANSION in man bash:

${parameter:+word}

Use Alternate Value. If parameter is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of word is substituted.

And few paragraphs above in the same section:

Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.

1 Answers1