It because span is an inline element so transform and other properties will not work...
...so try to add display:inline-block to the span
Read this for more info on inline elements
...Also in your jQuery code use $(this).addClass("animated shake") instead of $(".test").addClass("animated shake").
$(this).addClass("animated shake")... it will add class to the clicked .test element.
$(".test").addClass("animated shake")... it will add class to all .test element.
Stack Snippet
$(document).ready(function() {
  $(".test").click(function() {
    $(this).addClass("animated shake");
  });
});
.test {
  display: inline-block;
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/animate.css/3.5.2/animate.min.css" />
<span class="test">element</span>