Do you mean this?
(Note: Sample data is based on data provided in your previous post here).
library(data.table);
setDT(df)[, .(count = sum(!is.na(Value))), by = list(RANDOM, Year)];
#    RANDOM Year count
# 1:      D 2010     2
# 2:      C 2010     2
# 3:      B 2008     5
# 4:      D 2009     4
# 5:      D 2008     4
# 6:      A 2009     3
# 7:      B 2009     5
# 8:      C 2008     4
# 9:      A 2008     8
#10:      A 2010     2
#11:      B 2010     1
#12:      C 2009     8
Sample data
set.seed(2017);
RANDOM <- sample(c("A","B","C","D"), size = 100, replace = TRUE)
Year <- sample(c(2008,2009,2010), 100, TRUE)
Value <- sample(c(0.22, NA), 100, TRUE)
df <- data.frame(RANDOM, Year, Value);