I want .c to be red & bold ONLY IF it doesn't have a parent .b (direct or indirect):
.a :not(.b) .c {
  color: red;
  font-weight: bold;
}<div class="a">
  <div class="not-b">
    <div class="c">bold red</div>
    <div class="b">
      <div class="c">normal black</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div> 
     
     
     
     
     
    