You can specify pre-processor definitions in the "Project Properties->C/C++->Preprocessor->Preprocessor Definitions" list as:
OUTPUT_DIR=$(OutDir)
and then you can use that macro in your source code. You may need to textify it first. i.e.
#define TEXTIFY(x) #x
then use it as
TEXTIFY(OUTPUT_DIR)
see this answer. Although looking at this answer, it is possible that VC++ 2017 has some issues with this.
I believe you can also add the quotes into the options itself which might be a way round it.
OUTPUT_DIR="$(OutDir)"