Looking at the code for the Expecto Visual Studio Test Adapter, I don't think you can. At least, not without modifying the Test Adapter code and creating your own version. Perhaps fork the project and create a Pull Request that allows the configuration to be tweaked.
The relevant section is in Executor.fs on line 160 (in the ExecuteProxy class). It calls runTests with { defaultConfig with printer = testPrinters }. You could create your own ExecuteProxy class that takes the configuration to use when calling runTests as a parameter, and then create a generic version of AssemblyExecutor that takes a type parameter telling it what type of ExecuteProxy to use.