If you are only supporting iOS 11 and later then you can directly get the PHAsset using the .phAsset key. You only need to use PHAsset fetchAssetsWithALAssetURLs if you need to support iOS 10 or earlier.
Once you have the PHAsset reference, then you can access the location property to get the coordinates of the image.
func imagePickerController(_ picker: UIImagePickerController, didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo info: [UIImagePickerController.InfoKey : Any]) {
    var asset: PHAsset?
    if #available(iOS 11.0, *) {
        asset = info[.phAsset] as? PHAsset
    } else {
        if let url = info[.referenceURL] as? URL {
            let result = PHAsset.fetchAssets(withALAssetURLs: [url], options: nil)
            asset = result.firstObject
        }
    }
    if let asset = asset {
        if let location = asset.location {
            print("Image location is \(location.coordinate.latitude), \(location.coordinate.longitude)")
        }
    }
}