You can get POD_NAME and POD_NAMESPACE passing them as environment variables via fieldRef. 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: test-env
spec:
  containers:
    - name: test-container
      image: my-test-image:latest
      env:
        - name: MY_NODE_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: spec.nodeName
        - name: MY_POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: MY_POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        - name: MY_POD_IP
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: status.podIP
        - name: MY_POD_SERVICE_ACCOUNT
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: spec.serviceAccountName
        - name: REFERENCE_EXAMPLE
          value: "/$(MY_NODE_NAME)/$(MY_POD_NAMESPACE)/$(MY_POD_NAME)/data.log"
  restartPolicy: Never
EDIT: Added example env REFERENCE_EXAMPLE to show how to reference variables. Thanks to this answer for pointing out the $() interpolation.
You can reference supports metadata.name, metadata.namespace, metadata.labels, metadata.annotations, spec.nodeName, spec.serviceAccountName, status.hostIP, status.podIP as mentioned in the documentation here.
However, CLUSTERNAME is not a standard property available. According to this PR #22043, the CLUSTERNAME should be injected to the .metadata field if using GCE.
Otherwise, you'll have to specific the CLUSTERNAME manually in the .metadata field  and then use fieldRef to inject it as an environment variable.