I don't know how Vue works but I'll try to explain the general concept.
Most single page JavaScript web app frameworks uses what's called a state to store the state of the application (like whether user is logged in or not, etc). Here's how it works:
- You will have a login page containing a form
- On form submit, you'll send an ajax request to the authentication server (in this case your company's one)
- Based on the response, you'll set the proper set (i.e loggedIn: true, or something like that). Now based on this state, you will either redirect to a different page or show an error message on the same page.
- On the new page, you'll pull data from the server and show it.
Now, you can do the ajax stuff in several ways. Since you're new to ajax, I'd suggest knowing the basic concept. Googling can helpk, or this. You will see that it's done by XMLHttpRequest.
axios (and several other http req libraries) makes life a lot easier by letting you write lot less code which looks a lot cleaner too. But internally, AFAIK they all uses the same thing, i.e XMLHttpRequest. Have a look at this. Scroll down to the Example section, you'll see how a Post request is made.
TIP:
Try out axiosin a new project. Try sending a post request to your company's auth address(which your intern leader should have already informed you) and console.log() the response to see how it looks. Make sure to use the correct keys.
Also, a simple google search for "login page with vue and axios" brought me this. Also you might find this post helpful later.
Hope this helps!
PS: You should have googled first. Asking for recommendations is something advised not to do on this website as aBiscuit has mentioned in his comment.