In your user.route.js, you need to export something like this :
module.exports = function (variable) {
    return (req, res, next) => {
        // your middleware
        next()
    }
}
Or with currying (https://wsvincent.com/javascript-currying/):
module.exports = variable => (req, res, next) => {
   const myUsedVariable = variable + 1
   res.send(myUsedVariable)
}
And if you're using express.Router:
var express = require('express')
var router = express.Router()
router.get('/', function(req, res) {
  res.send('Birds home page')
})
module.exports = variable => {
   // do something with your variable
   router.use(function displayVariable(req, res, next) {
      console.log(variable)
      next()
   })
   return router
}