You could use:
$(".myCheckBox:not(:checked)").prop('disabled', true);
To disable all checkboxes which are not checked.
You can then reenable your checkboxes (in an else) once fewer than 3 checkboxes have been selected
See example below:
$('.myCheckBox').on('input', function() {
  var checkBoxLenghtStandard = $('.myCheckBox:checked').length;
  if (checkBoxLenghtStandard >= 3) {
    $(".myCheckBox:not(:checked)").prop('disabled', true);
  } else {
    $('.myCheckBox[disabled]').prop('disabled', false)
  }
});
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<input class="myCheckBox" type="checkbox" name="addon-2811-workshop-normal-1[]" />
<input class="myCheckBox" type="checkbox" name="addon-2811-workshop-normal-1[]" />
<input class="myCheckBox" type="checkbox" name="addon-2811-workshop-normal-1[]" />
<input class="myCheckBox" type="checkbox" name="addon-2811-workshop-normal-1[]" />
<input class="myCheckBox" type="checkbox" name="addon-2811-workshop-normal-1[]" />