Note: min/max are only valid on type="number" or type="date" inputs.
This can be done with pure html. You can set the field to type="number" and require the min value to be 1000000000 (10 digits) and a max value of 9999999999 (also 10 digits). Then just tack on the required parameter on the field. The form won't submit unless it validates due to the required parameter.
<form action="">
  <input type="number" min="1000000000" max="9999999999" required>
  <input type="submit" value="send">
</form>
 
 
Another thing we can do is use a pattern on a text input with required:
<form action="">
  <input type="text" pattern="[0-9]{10}" required>
  <input type="submit" value="send">
</form>