Can I stop Visual Studio URL decoding Command Arguments in Debug mode?
Sorry but I'm afraid the answer is negative. This issue does exist after my test, and as far as I know there is no option in VS now can turn off or control this behavior. For this, I suggest you can Go Help=>Send Feedback=>Report a problem in VS to report this issue to product team.
I have to pass in an argument that is URL encoded and it needs to not
  be interpreted by Visual Studio first.
And since it works well in command-line. So what you need is to get the UrlEncode format string during the VS debug process in your development. For this you can try:
1.Add some code before where you need the real argument to UrlEncode the argv[1](I think it's https://as). About how to do UrlEncode see this issue.
2.Set the argument in this way, set https% 3a% 2f% 2fasas the argv[1] instead of https%3a%2f%2fas in project properties, then add code to judge if it contains space, if true=>write code to remove the space in it and get a new string you want (https%3a%2f%2fas)
3.Configure your custom Argument file:
1# In vs, right-click the project=>add a Text.txt file into project.
2# Set the only argument in this as Text.txt.

Then the content of your Text.txt is the collection of your custom arguments.
For example: 
In the line1 of Text.txt file is https%3a%2f%2fas, line2 is test, line3 is...

3# Then you can use code like this:
#include "pch.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    ifstream infile(argv[1]); //open the file
    string MyArgus[10]; //create my alternative argus
    MyArgus[0] = argv[0]; //let the first argu of Myargus=original vs argu[0]
    if (infile.is_open() && infile.good()) {
        cout << "File is open."<<endl;
        string line = "";
        int num = 1;
        while (getline(infile, line)) {
            MyArgus[num] = line;
            num++;
        }
    }
    else {
        cout << "Failed to open file..";
    }
    cout << MyArgus[0]<<endl; // projectName.exe always
    cout << MyArgus[1]<<endl; // https%3a%2f%2fas
    cout << MyArgus[2]<<endl; // test
    return 0;
}
So you can write arguments in this way in Text.txt file to set your custom arguments to avoid the auto UrlDecode in VS.
Hope it helps:)