As @DavidW proposed it seems like .pxd files are simply not installed during pip install pandas due to its internal purposes.
So in order to get access to .pxd files (and any others) from jupyter notebook on may use following:
clone github repo and install from cloned folder in develop (editable) mode:
python setup.py develop
This way installed in 'lib/python/site-packages' will be created a file pandas.egg-link which is simply a link to cloned repo, so .pxd files are now accessible with
%%cython
cimport pandas._libs.util as util