Error: Could not load the default credentials (Firebase function to firestore)

Question

I am attempting to write an onCall function for Firebase Cloud Functions that performs advanced querying tasks on a firestore database (i.e. checking a text query up against AutoML natural lang to get a category, etc) but I keep running into a problem trying to query the database from the function:

Error getting documents ::  Error: Could not load the default credentials. Browse to https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/getting-started for more information.
    at GoogleAuth.getApplicationDefaultAsync (/srv/node_modules/google-auth-library/build/src/auth/googleauth.js:161:19)
    at <anonymous>
    at process._tickDomainCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:229:7)

Function:

const functions = require('firebase-functions');
const admin = require('firebase-admin');
admin.initializeApp();
const db = admin.firestore();

exports.query = functions.https.onCall((data, context) => {
    const text = data.text;
    var results = [];
    const promise = db.collection('providers').get()
    promise.then((snapshot) => {
        console.log('marker');
        snapshot.forEach((doc) => {
            results.push({id: doc.id, data: doc.data()});
        });
        console.log('yessir');
        return {results: results};
    }).catch((err) => {
        console.log('Error getting documents :: ', err)
        console.log('nosir');
        return {results: "no results"};
    });
});

Longer output:

Function execution started
Function execution took 8ms, finished with status code: 200
Error getting documents :: (etc, same error)
nosir

Example 2 (no change in running):

Function execution started
Function execution took 1200 ms, finished with status code: 200
marker
yessir

I can't figure out where this problem is coming from or how to resolve it. Any help?

Regards.

Answer 1

What I first did to solve it was add my firebase admin sdk key to my project.

I downloaded it at

https://console.firebase.google.com/u/0/project/**YOUR_PROJECT_ID**/settings/serviceaccounts/adminsdk

then at admin.initializeApp(); I changed to:

admin.initializeApp({
    credential: admin.credential.cert(require('../keys/admin.json'))
});

My folder structure is

├── key
│   ├── admin.json
├── src
│   ├── index.ts

HOWEVER, a better practice and safer approach, as some mentioned already: You could use environment variables to store your credentials, this way you won't commit it to a repository such as Github, keep it safer from safety breaches and won´t make it hardcoded.

Depending on your project and where you'll deploy it there's a different way to do it.

There are many tutorials around on how to create and access env variables (like this one), but you could use a name it like the example below:

GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="/home/admin.json"

Answer 2

I had the same error "Could not load the default credentials".

The error occured after updating my project dependencies with npm update. More precisely firebase-admin and firebase-functions.

Before update:

"dependencies": {
    "@google-cloud/firestore": "^1.3.0",
    "firebase-admin": "~7.0.0",
    "firebase-functions": "^2.2.0"
}

After update:

"dependencies": {
    "@google-cloud/firestore": "^1.3.0",
    "firebase-admin": "^8.6.0",
    "firebase-functions": "^3.3.0"
}

I added the serviceAccountKey.json to my project and changed the imports with the code provided at the service account setting of my firebase project.

From :

var admin = require('firebase-admin')

admin.initializeApp()

To:

var admin = require('firebase-admin');    
var serviceAccount = require('path/to/serviceAccountKey.json');

admin.initializeApp({
  credential: admin.credential.cert(serviceAccount),
  databaseURL: 'https://my-project.firebaseio.com'
});

See @Fernando Rocha's answer below to access the account setting of your firebase project.

Answer 3

@aldobaie's answer helped me figure out what was going on for my use case. For those who are not looking to add async/await to all their calls, remember that the firestore calls return promises, so prepending them with return has the same effect.

In my case:

function doSomething(...) {
    return admin.firestore().collection(...).doc(...).get()
        .then((doc) => {...})
        .catch(err => {...})
}

module.exports = functions.firestore.document('collection/{docId}').onWrite((change, context) => {
    return doSomething()
})

I think the accepted answer goes against Firebase's recommend configuration. The function environment has access to admin credentials already, and passing your key in the code is not recommended.

I do it like this:

const functions = require('firebase-functions')
const admin = require('firebase-admin')
admin.initializeApp(functions.config().firebase)

Answer 4

I ran into the same problem myself. Sometimes the function works and many times it would through the Error: Could not load the default credentials error. The problem I believe have been solved by watching for the Callbacks. You have to keep the function running until the callbacks have been called using the await and async prefixes.

Firebase Cloud Functions don't allow the access to the processor through callbacks once it's been terminated! That's why we get the Error: Could not load the default credentials error.

So, whenever you have a .then() function prefix it with await and prefix the function it's inside it with async and prefix any call to the function with await.

async function registerUser(..) {
    ...
    await admin.firestore().collection(..)...
    ...
}

I hope this helps you out!

Answer 5

Another option is to set the service account key in an environmental variable instead of setting it with a call to firebaseAdmin.initializeApp({ credential }).

Linux

export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="[PATH]"
export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="/home/user/Downloads/[FILE_NAME].json"

Windows PowerShell

$env:GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="[PATH]"
$env:GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="C:\Users\username\Downloads\[FILE_NAME].json"

Postscript: An even better option might be to use the local emulator suite.

Answer 6

Alright, so I had this error as well and spent a frustrated few days going over multiple sites, articles, videos, etc to try and figure out the cause of this problem so I could get an adequate answer for both myself and everyone else who is struggling.

There are answers to this question in this thread already. However, I tried following most of them to no avail. Some have security issues and others are just too vague to follow. I decided to post a thorough answer which also addresses the security issues you would have if you followed some of the other answers.

Alright now that I've gotten that out of the way lets get started!

First of all your going to need to go to this link - Getting started with authentication

You should see this in the center of your screen - Next, click on the button I've marked in green. This will bring you to the create service account key page.

You should see a similar screen to the below image -

• For the Service Account option, select new service account.

• Create a name for your service account. This is not important, name it whatever you like.

• For the role option select Project -> Owner

• Finally, select JSON option for key type and then hit create.

This should create and download a .json file. Place this file somewhere smart and safe. I created a folder called 'credentials' in the root of my project and placed it in there.

Also I renamed the file to something more readable. While this isn't necessary, following good file/folder naming and structuring practices is important and I would advise you to rename it to something more readable.

(Its important to note that this file is personal and should not be included in any github repositories/firebase production/etc. This file is for you and you alone!)

Next open a command prompt window and type in the following command -

set GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=C:\Users\Username\Path\To\File\filename.json

This will create an environment variable that is linked securely to your credentials which firebase will recognize and use when you make calls to authenticate yourself.

(Note - This is the command for windows. If your using mac/linux go to the 'Getting started with Authentication' page mentioned earlier to get the appropriate command for your operating system)

There you go, the issue should now be fixed. If anyone has any further questions or problems feel free to comment below and i'll do my very best to help you. I know how frustrating it can be to be stuck with an error like this.

I hope this helps someone at the very least. Happy Programming. C.Gadd

Answer 7

I do not want to use @Fernando solution even though there is nothing wrong.

I have prd and non-prd environment. I use firebase use command to push the changes to the correct environment. When I deploy, firebase uses the default service account. Also I do not want to have the keys in the project folder or in my git repo.

The way I solved might not work for others, but want to share here.

The issue came to me when I updated the permission of the firebase project to give a viewer with editor permission. I made that person the owner and rolled back to editor. It went away. It is not justifying as a fix, but worked for me and I do not have to download the key.

Answer 8

Instead of setting serviceAccountKey.json file, you can first set .env values from it and then use those:

import * as firebaseAdmin from "firebase-admin";

const adminCredentials = {
  credential: firebaseAdmin.credential.cert({
    projectId: process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_FIREBASE_PROJECT_ID,
    clientEmail: process.env.FIREBASE_CLIENT_EMAIL,
    privateKey: JSON.parse(process.env.FIREBASE_PRIVATE_KEY || ""),
  }),
  databaseURL: process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_FIREBASE_DATABASE_URL,
};

if (!firebaseAdmin.apps.length) {
  firebaseAdmin.initializeApp(adminCredentials);
}

const firestore = firebaseAdmin.firestore();

---

Old answer:
This is a known bug in Firebase. see the progress here: https://github.com/firebase/firebase-tools/issues/1940

However, meantime there are few options to resolve this:

1 Explicitly passed via code

var admin = require("firebase-admin");

var serviceAccount = require("path/to/serviceAccountKey.json");

admin.initializeApp({
  credential: admin.credential.cert(serviceAccount),
  databaseURL: "https://your-app.firebaseio.com"
});

Not recommended this hard-coding. This json file will not be accessible on server.

2 Passed via GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS

I'd recommend this way, set environmental variable:

GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=path/to/serviceAccountKey.json

For windows: (considering json is at your root path of project.

using powershell:

$env:GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS='serviceAccountKey.json'

using NPM script: (notice no space before &&)

"serve": "set GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=serviceAccountKey.json&& npm run start",

(for some reason cross-env didn't work)

3 Available at a well-known filesystem path due to gcloud
by installing gcloud sdk and running gcloud auth application-default login

4 Available from the Compute Engine metadata API when running on GCP

Answer 9

One thing it's a bit difficult to find in the docs is the firebase-admin SDK only uses the emulators when environment variables tell it to. If you use the service account JSON key as described in some answers here, firebase-admin will talk to prod (on Google Cloud) rather than the emulated version, even if everything else you're doing is on the emulators.

Since most likely you would rather use the emulators for local testing, here's how I set my environment variables in Mac ~/.zshrc:

export GCLOUD_PROJECT="your-project-id"
export FIRESTORE_EMULATOR_HOST=localhost:8080
export FIREBASE_AUTH_EMULATOR_HOST=localhost:9099
export FIREBASE_DATABASE_EMULATOR_HOST=localhost:9000

The GCLOUD_PROJECT id could be your project id, but apparently any id will work as long as it is a well-formed Firebase project id, so these same environment variables can be used to test all your projects on the Firebase emulators. Try setting these environment variables first for emulator use before you try any of the other solutions.

Another oddity is firebase emulators:start needs these environment variables set, but firebase emulators:exec sets them automagically. When you are in a CI scenario :exec is the better choice, but when actively running tests as you write code having the emulators stay up and running with :start is a faster loop and you'll need the environment variables for it to work properly. By having these in environment variables, your code won't need to change at all when deployed to the Cloud.

Answer 10

I had same problem in firebase Error: "Could not get default credentials."

Then go to firebase console and go to project setting, where you can find Service Accounts option. Click there and you will see the Generate new private key under your project setting. Copy code for your project language and add it to your project file.

var admin = require("firebase-admin");

var serviceAccount = require("path/to/serviceAccountKey.json");

admin.initializeApp({
  credential: admin.credential.cert(serviceAccount),
  databaseURL: "https://your-database-url-that-is-given-under-admin-sdk-snippets"
});

After Generating the key you will have option to download. and put it in the project folder. Also set path var serviceAccount = require("path/to/serviceAccountKey.json"); That's it your are ready.

Answer 11

None of above. You may just:

firebase login - It will open browser login

As soon as you do login, returnto console and run:

firebase init - It will run as successfull.

Answer 12

This error can also occur when the cloud function is not terminated properly.

Whenever you write a cloud function make sure you return promise after the cloud function processing is over, so that cloud function knows that your process is complete.

If you don't return promise then there might be chances where your cloud function might terminate before the processing is complete.

You can refer this to know how to terminate the cloud function. Terminate cloud functions

Answer 13

admin.initializeApp(functions.config().firebase);

also works.

Answer 14

Download your firebase service account into your project and reference it like this:

<code>
  var admin = require("firebase-admin");
  var serviceAccount = require("path/to/serviceAccountKey.json");

  admin.initializeApp({
    credential: admin.credential.cert(serviceAccount),
    databaseURL: "<database-url>"
  });
</code>

Answer 15

For those who come here from a serp trying to figure out why their google cloud function fails with:

Error: Could not load the default credentials. Browse to https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/getting-started for more information. at GoogleAuth.getApplicationDefaultAsync

but none of the above helped, you can try to update all(?) of your @google/whatever dependencies: npm i -E @google/firestore@latest. Then rebuild, deploy, try again. It happened to me a few times recently and this worked.

Answer 16

I just had the same problem. To solve it, just update your node packages by npm update inside your project-dir/functions/ directory. Finally, deploy again.

Answer 17

On MacOS I had to do the following:

export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=/Users/myname/serviceAccountKey.json

I was getting credential error because the locally running functions emulator could not securely talk to firebase auth running in production.

Google Cloud Reference

Answer 18

I had the same issue.

• Go on your settings page on Firebase => Service and Account.

• Firebase Setting 1. Parameters 2. Account 3. Download the file and rename it [admin.json]

• Copy the code and paste it

• Requires 'admin.json' and paste, and run Firebase deploy.

Answer 19

For those who still get the same problem event after downloading account key and using it inside your code, make sure it is inside your functions folder.

Answer 20

I just had this issue and fixed it with

firebase login