My starting point is this answer about forwarding incoming SMS messages to email with node.js, sendgrid and Twilio Functions: https://stackoverflow.com/a/50728459/
I also looked at this tutorial: https://support.twilio.com/hc/en-us/articles/223134287-Forwarding-SMS-messages-to-another-phone-number
Can I combine both actions in one Twilio function? I prefer to combine them into one function because I don't see a method to configure a Twilio number to perform two separate "Messaging actions" in response to a message coming in. I can only pick one function to run.
I hope I simply need to add a few lines of code to the answer given above:
let twiml = new Twilio.twiml.MessagingResponse();
twiml.message(`${event.From}: ${event.Body}`, {
    to: '+13105555555'
});
callback(null, twiml);
In the function, I would like to forward the SMS to another phone number first, then forward the message to email.
The Twilio function environment variables are set up.
Here's my code:
const https = require('https');
exports.handler = function (context, event, callback) {
    let sms_twiml = new Twilio.sms_twiml.MessagingResponse();
        sms_twiml.message(`${event.From}: ${event.Body}`, {
        to: context.TO_SMS_NUMBER
    });
    //executing a callback terminates the function
    //callback(null, sms_twiml); 
    let postData = JSON.stringify({
        personalizations: [{
            to: [{
                email: context.TO_EMAIL_ADDRESS
            }]
        }],
        from: { 
            email: context.FROM_EMAIL_ADDRESS 
        },
        subject: `New SMS message from: ${event.From}`,
        content: [{
            type: 'text/plain',
            value: event.Body
        }]
    });
    let postOptions = {
        host: 'api.sendgrid.com',
        port: '443',
        path: '/v3/mail/send',
        method: 'POST',
        headers: {
            'Authorization': 'Bearer ${context.SENDGRID_API_KEY}',
            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
            'Content-Length': Buffer.byteLength(postData),
        }
    };
    let req = https.request(postOptions, function (res) {
        let email_twiml = new Twilio.email_twiml.MessagingResponse();
        callback(null, email_twiml);
    });
    req.write(postData);
    req.end();
};
I'm getting ERROR - 11200
HTTP retrieval failure There was a failure attempting to retrieve the contents of this URL. An 11200 error is an indicator of a connection failure between Twilio and your service.