stack and ghcup are two different tools.
You can get stack from this website, which involves running the following command:
curl -sSL https://get.haskellstack.org/ | sh
On the other hand, ghcup is a tool that only installs the Haskell compiler (GHC), which means that you won't be able to build a project using Stack. Note that this last installation comes with a build tool called cabal. You can learn the differences between stack and cabal in this other question.
Regarding your error with ghcup, I'd try to use the instructions from https://gitlab.haskell.org/haskell/ghcup. It is the main repo from the project, and probably updated faster. Note that you can use the "simple bootstrap" process, and if that doesn't work, try the manual one.