If you declare a var variable outside of any function, it’s assigned to the global object, which means window inside the browser. Since name is a standard property of window it already exists before your code snippet is executed. Check https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/name
So in your case calling name equals to window.name which is an empty string by default. To avoid such side effects it is recommended to use ES6 let/const variable declaration.
let name;
console.log(name);
The result will be undefined since name in this case is not attached to a global object.