Add a flex rule to the div.logo-content-background2 selector. Add a new selector div.logo-content-background2 img and add the height: auto rule to it, so that your image is proportional. And remove and the tag img (html structure) this line - style = "vertical-align: middle; margin: 50% 0px". Tip: if you want your picture to be centered horizontally, then add the margin: auto rule to the div.logo-content-background2 img selector or justify-content: center to div.logo-content-background2 selector.
In css I poured what I added. I gave you three solutions (three snippets):
div.logo-content-background {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0px;
    left: 0px;
    width: 50%;
    height: 100%;
    background-color: #577fa1;
    z-index: 1;
}
div.logo-content-block {
    background: #f3f2f0;
    width: 80%;
    height: 60%;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    right: 0%;
    transform: translate(0, -50%);
}
div.content-description {
    padding-left: 50px;
    padding-right: 50px;
    vertical-align: middle;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    -ms-transform: translateY(-50%);
    transform: translateY(-50%);
}
div.logo-content-background2 {
    display: flex; /*add this it*/
    align-items: center; /*add this it*/
    
    position: fixed;
    top: 0px;
    right: 0px;
    width: 50%;
    height: 100%;
    background-color: #f3f2f0;
    z-index: 2;
}
div.logo-content-background2 img {
    height: auto; /*add this it*/
}
<div class="logo-content-background">
  <div class="logo-content-block">
      <div class="content-description">
        <h3>
        CLIF Bar
        </h3>
        <p>
        CLIF BAR® is the first bar we made, and it’s still everything we’re about. Nutritious, sustainable ingredients, like organic rolled oats. Performance nutrition. And great taste. Whether you’re on a 150-mile bike ride or exploring a new trail, it’s the ultimate energy bar™ for keeping your adventure going.
        </p>
      </div>
  </div>
</div>
<div class="logo-content-background2">
      <img src="http://charlottemcmanus.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/butterclock-2.jpg" width="300px" height="100px"/>
</div>
 
 
The second solution with adjusting the aspect ratio of the picture:
div.logo-content-background {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0px;
    left: 0px;
    width: 50%;
    height: 100%;
    background-color: #577fa1;
    z-index: 1;
}
div.logo-content-block {
    background: #f3f2f0;
    width: 80%;
    height: 60%;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    right: 0%;
    transform: translate(0, -50%);
}
div.content-description {
    padding-left: 50px;
    padding-right: 50px;
    vertical-align: middle;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    -ms-transform: translateY(-50%);
    transform: translateY(-50%);
}
div.logo-content-background2 {
    display: flex; /*add this it*/
    align-items: center; /*add this it*/
    
    position: fixed;
    top: 0px;
    right: 0px;
    width: 50%;
    height: 100%;
    background-color: #f3f2f0;
    z-index: 2;
}
div.logo-content-background2 img {
    width: auto; /*add this it*/
    height: auto; /*add this it*/
}
<div class="logo-content-background">
  <div class="logo-content-block">
      <div class="content-description">
        <h3>
        CLIF Bar
        </h3>
        <p>
        CLIF BAR® is the first bar we made, and it’s still everything we’re about. Nutritious, sustainable ingredients, like organic rolled oats. Performance nutrition. And great taste. Whether you’re on a 150-mile bike ride or exploring a new trail, it’s the ultimate energy bar™ for keeping your adventure going.
        </p>
      </div>
  </div>
</div>
<div class="logo-content-background2">
      <img src="http://charlottemcmanus.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/butterclock-2.jpg" width="300px" height="100px"/>
</div>
 
 
In this solution, your picture is proportional to the left block. Add width: 80%, height: 60% and object-fit: cover rule to div.logo-content-background2 img selector:
div.logo-content-background {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0px;
    left: 0px;
    width: 50%;
    height: 100%;
    background-color: #577fa1;
    z-index: 1;
}
div.logo-content-block {
    background: #f3f2f0;
    width: 80%;
    height: 60%;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    right: 0%;
    transform: translate(0, -50%);
}
div.content-description {
    padding-left: 50px;
    padding-right: 50px;
    vertical-align: middle;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    -ms-transform: translateY(-50%);
    transform: translateY(-50%);
}
div.logo-content-background2 {
    display: flex; /*add this it*/
    align-items: center; /*add this it*/
    
    position: fixed;
    top: 0px;
    right: 0px;
    width: 50%;
    height: 100%;
    background-color: #f3f2f0;
    z-index: 2;
}
div.logo-content-background2 img {
    width: 80%; /*add this it*/
    height: 60%; /*add this it*/
    object-fit: cover; /*add this it*/
}
<div class="logo-content-background">
  <div class="logo-content-block">
      <div class="content-description">
        <h3>
        CLIF Bar
        </h3>
        <p>
        CLIF BAR® is the first bar we made, and it’s still everything we’re about. Nutritious, sustainable ingredients, like organic rolled oats. Performance nutrition. And great taste. Whether you’re on a 150-mile bike ride or exploring a new trail, it’s the ultimate energy bar™ for keeping your adventure going.
        </p>
      </div>
  </div>
</div>
<div class="logo-content-background2">
      <img src="http://charlottemcmanus.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/butterclock-2.jpg" width="300px" height="100px"/>
</div>