you can wrap it in a container and set a border for it
How to add a border to a widget in Flutter?
then you can use theme(unselectedwidgetcolor:)to change the default border  of checkbox 
change checkbox border-color in flutter
then according these question we can use both ,to achieve what we want
bool _isChecked = false;
then we can define our check box and say if isChecked was equal by true ,color would be pink accent if not change it to white by a ternary if
  Container(
            decoration: BoxDecoration(
              border: Border.all(
                  color: _isChecked == true ? Colors.pinkAccent: Colors.black,
                  width: 2.3),
            ),
            width: 24,
            height: 24,
            child: Theme(
              data: ThemeData(unselectedWidgetColor: Colors.white),
              child: Checkbox(
                checkColor: Colors.pinkAccent,
                activeColor: Colors.transparent,
                value: _isChecked,
                tristate: false,
                onChanged: (bool isChecked) {
                  setState(() {
                    _isChecked = isChecked;
                  });
                },
              ),
            ),
          ),
with code above you would get something like this

you can also change the pink border to whatever you want